Chapter 19, typically covered late in the course, presents a full synthesis of plate tectonics. By this time, students have learned the many aspects of physical geology and can appreciate the elegance of plate tectonics as a unifying paradigm" Copyright Office Catalog of Copyright Entries. Essentials of Victimology is an engaging new textbook for anyone seeking to gain a fundamental understanding of the field.
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Callan is a professor of geology at Northern clear-cut graphic elements, striking images, and understandable analo- Virginia Community College in Annandale, where he has been hon- gies. The second edition integrates mobile media links to online media. He is a frequent contrib- The text is also available in various eText formats, including an eText utor to EARTH magazine and is author of the popular geology blog upgrade option from MasteringGeology courses.
Mountain Beltway. As you take advantage of these outstanding learning aids, you will hear his voice explaining the ideas. Writing a college textbook requires the talents and cooperation of many people. We were fortunate to have Scott Linneman join the of an extraordinary team at Pearson Education. In addition to being Essentials of Geology team as we prepared the 13th edition. Scott great people to work with, all of them are committed to producing the provided many thoughtful suggestions and ideas and was responsible best textbooks possible.
We appreciate his enthusiasm, hard work, and quest for excel- Gravity. We also appreciate our conscientious project manager, Lizette education and director of the Honors Program at Western Washing- Faraji, whose job it was to keep track of all that was going on—and a ton University in Bellingham. As always, our marketing managers, Neena Bali and Great thanks also go to our colleagues who prepared in-depth reviews.
Mary Salzman, who talk with faculty daily, provide us with helpful Their critical comments and thoughtful input helped guide our work advice and many good ideas. The 13th edition of Essentials of Geology and clearly strengthened the text. Special thanks to: was certainly improved by the talents of our developmental editor, Mar- got Otway.
Our sincere thanks to Margot for her fine work. We think these talented people did great work. All are Nels Forsman, University of North Dakota true professionals, with whom we are very fortunate to be associated. Edward Garnero, Arizona State University www. We value not only his artistic talents, hard work, patience, and Jennifer Nelson, Indiana University—Purdue University imagination but his friendship as well.
Michael was also respon- Donald Thieme, Valdosta State University sible for preparing the remarkable Mobile Field Trips that are scat- tered through the text. Among his many awards is the American Last but certainly not least, we gratefully acknowledge the support and Geological Institute Award for Outstanding Contribution to the encouragement of our wives, Nancy Lutgens and Joanne Bannon. Prep- Public Understanding of Geosciences. We without their patience and understanding.
Thanks, Michael. Many are available for free. Once downloaded, students open the app and point the camera to a QR Code. Download www. SmartFigures extend the print book to bring geology to life. These process- oriented videos, accessed through QR codes, are designed to bring the field to the classroom and improve the learning experience within the text.
These extraordinary field trips are accessed by using QR codes throughout the text. With QR codes, students are given a view of moving figures rather than static art to depict how geologic processes move throughout time. Each lesson examines and explains the concepts illustrated by the figure. With over SmartFigure Tutorials inside the text, students have a multitude of ways to enjoy art that teaches. Award-Winning Contributing Authors The language of this text is straightforward and written to be understood.
Clear, readable discussions with a minimum of technical language is the rule. In the 13th edition, we have continued to improve readability with the addition of two new contributing authors, Scott Linnenman and Callan Bentley.
Scott Linneman provided many thoughtful suggestions and idea throughout the text and was responsible for revising Chapter Mass Movement on Slopes: The Work of Gravity. Bentley assisted with the revision of Chapter Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building and created the SmartFigure Tutorials that appear throughout the text. As students take advantage of these outstanding learning aids, they will hear his voice explaining the ideas. Objective-Driven Active Learning Most chapters have been designed to be self-contained so that materials may be taught in a different sequence, according to the preference of the instructor or the needs of the laboratory.
Thus, an instructor who wishes to discuss erosional processes prior to earthquakes, plate tectonics, and mountain building may do so without difficulty. The chapter-opening Focus on Concepts lists the learning objectives Download for each chapter. Each Each chapter section section of the chapter is concludes with tied to a specific learning Concept Checks, objective, providing a set of questions www. Give It Some Thought activities challenge learners by requiring higher-order thinking skills to analyze, synthesize, and apply the material.
Concepts in Review provides students with a structured review of the chapter. Consistent with the Focus on Concepts and Concept Checks, the Concepts in Review is structured around the learning objective for each section. Each Dynamic Study Module, accessed by computer, smartphone, or tablet, promotes fast learning and long-term retention.
Download dumperina www. Interactive eText 2. Pre-Lecture Reading Quizzes are easy to customize and assign Reading Questions ensure that students complete the assigned reading before class and stay on track with reading assignments.
With Learning Cataltyics, Facebook. In MasteringGeologyTM, these videos are accompanied by assessments to test student understanding. In Mastering, these videos are accompanied by auto-gradable assessments that will track what students have learned. MapMaster 2. Download GigaPan Activities allow students to take advantage of a virtual field experience with high- www.
Dynamic assessments include questions related to core geology concepts. All explorations include corresponding Google Earth KMZ media files, and questions include hints and specific wrong-answer feedback to help coach students toward mastery of the concepts.
Resources for YOU, the Instructor MasteringGeologyTM provides you with everything you need to prep for your course and deliver a dynamic lecture, all in one convenient place. You also have the ability to add your own learning outcomes, helping you track student performance against your learning outcomes. Figure 7. Figures that have been revised substantively: Download 3. Figures that have been modified substantively: 8. Community Internet Intensity Map rewritten for clarity Section 4.
Figures modified or updated focus more on processes and less on terminology substantively: After you complete the chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define system www. The spectacular eruption of a volcano, the terror brought by an earth- quake, the magnificent scenery of a mountain range, and the destruction created by a landslide or flood are all subjects for a geologist.
The study of geology deals with many fascinating and practical questions about our physical environment. What forces produce mountains? When will the next major earthquake occur in California?
What are ice ages like, and will there be another? How were ore deposits formed? Where should we search for water?
Will plentiful oil be found if a well is drilled in a particular location? Geologists seek to answer these and many other questions about Earth, its history, and its resources.
The subject of this text is geology, from the Greek geo composing Earth and seeks to understand the many Earth and logos discourse. The aim of historical geology, on the other ing Earth is challenging because our planet is a dynamic hand, is to understand the origin of Earth and its develop- body with many interacting parts and a complex history.
Thus, it strives to establish an orderly Throughout its long existence, Earth has been chang- chronological arrangement of the multitude of physical ing. In fact, it is changing as you read this page and will and biological changes that have occurred in the geologic Download continue to do so. Sometimes the changes are rapid and past. The study of physical geology logically precedes the violent, as when landslides or volcanic eruptions occur. Scales of size and space also It should also be pointed out that physical and histori- www.
Sometimes geologists must focus on phenomena that are Every chapter of this book represents one or more areas of microscopic, such as the crystalline structure of minerals, specialization in geology. Geology is traditionally divided into two broad areas— the microscopic study of fossils unlocks clues to past River photo by Michael Collier; physical and historical.
Physical geology, which is environments Figure 1. External processes, such as landslides, rivers, and glaciers, erode and sculpt surface Internal processes are those that occur beneath Earth's surface. Sometimes they features. The Colorado River played a major role in creating the Grand Canyon.
Each year an average American requires huge quantities of Earth mate- rials. Imagine receiving your annual share in a single delivery. A large truck would pull up to your home and unload 12, lb of stone, lb of sand and gravel, lb of cement, lb of salt, lb of phosphate, and lb A.
This research team is gathering data at Mount the threat of which may be compounded by inappro- copper. Nyiragongo, an active volcano in the Democratic Republic of priate land use, poor construction practices, and rapid the Congo.
Alamy B. Photo by that is of great practical value to people. Together they form the very foundation of modern civilization. Geology is a science that seeks Geology deals not only with the formation and occur- to expand our knowledge of the natural world and our rence of these vital resources but also with maintaining www. There were more than standing of basic geologic principles, but along the fatalities and nearly a half million homes destroyed.
They become between people and the natural environment. Many hazards only when people try to live where these processes occur. The debris flow shown in Figure 1. Photo by Roberto Natural hazards are a part of living on Earth. Among the hazardous Earth processes that geologists study are vol- canoes, floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, and landslides. Of course, geologic hazards are natural processes.
They become hazards only when people try to live where these processes occur Figure 1. According to the United Nations, more people now live in cities than in rural areas. This global trend toward urbanization concentrates millions of people into megacities, many of which are vulnerable to natural hazards. Coastal sites are becoming more vulnerable because development often destroys natural defenses such as wetlands and sand dunes.
In addition, there is a growing threat associated with human influences on the Earth system; one example is sea-level rise that is linked to global climate change.
It took until about the Geologic processes clearly have an year for the world impact on people. In addition, we humans population to reach can dramatically influence geologic pro- 1 billion. By , the cesses. For example, landslides and river number had doubled flooding occur naturally, but the magnitude to 2 billion.
According and frequency of these processes can be to United Nations esti- affected significantly by human activities mates, world population such as clearing forests, building cities, and reached 7 billion in late constructing dams.
Unfortunately, natural October We are systems do not always adjust to artificial currently adding about changes in ways that we can anticipate. This At appropriate places throughout this textbook, large open pit mine is in Arizona. Nearly every chapter addresses some aspect of natural hazards, resources, and the environmen- 1. Name and distinguish between the two broad subdivisions of geology. Significant parts of some chapters provide the basic geologic knowledge 2. List at least three different geologic hazards.
Aside from geologic hazards, describe another Download problems. Writings about a chronology of human and Earth history in which he such topics as fossils, gems, earthquakes, and volcanoes calculated that Earth was only a few thousand years date back to the early Greeks, more than years ago.
The ground, was heated by central fires, and escaped explo- result was a guiding doctrine called catastrophism. Features such and are found when excavations are made.
This philoso- acceptance of more up-to-date ideas. After the Renais- phy was an attempt to fit the rates of Earth processes to sance of the s, however, more people became inter- the then-current ideas about the age of Earth. Theory of the Earth in It states that the physical, cal laws that govern geologic processes remain unchang- Did You Know? Shortly after Archbishop chemical, and biological laws that operate today have ing through time.
However, we also understand that the Ussher determined an also operated in the geologic past. This means that the doctrine should not be taken too literally. To say that geo- age for Earth, another forces and processes that we observe presently shaping logic processes in the past were the same as those occur- biblical scholar, Dr. John our planet have been at work for a very long time. Thus, ring today is not to suggest that they have always had the Lightfoot of Cambridge, to understand ancient rocks, we must first understand same relative importance or that they have operated at felt he could be even present-day processes and their results.
This idea is com- precisely the same rate. Moreover, some important geo- more specific. He wrote monly stated as the present is the key to the past. However, Hutton climate and influenced the history of life, even though the morning.
Stokes, long spans of time, produce effects that are just as great as The acceptance of uniformitarianism meant the Essentials of Earth His- those resulting from sudden catastrophic events. Unlike his acceptance of a very long history for Earth. In the long history of this textbook, our number-one goal has always been to keep Essentials of Geology current, relevant, and highly readable for beginning students. With this goal as a priority, every part of this text has been examined carefully.
The following are a few examples. In Chapter 9, the text and figures for Section 9. In Chapter 11, the treatment of stress, strain, and rock deformation are substantially revised, as is the final section on isostatic balance.
In Chapter 12, the mechanism responsible for long-runout landslides is updated, with reference to the occurrence of such landslides on Mars, and the Nepal earthquake is used as a landslide-triggering event. In Chapter 13, a section on the loss of wetlands in coastal Louisiana is added, and the treatment of flood control is updated and tightened. Many discussions, case studies, examples, and illustrations have been updated and revised.
Through its many editions, an important strength of Essentials has always been clear, logically organized, and well-illustrated explanations. Now complementing and reinforcing this strength are a series of SmartFigures. Simply by scanning the Quick Response QR code next to a SmartFigure with a mobile device, students can link to hundreds of unique and innovative digital learning opportunities that will increase their understanding of important ideas.
Walker Hinson. A short summary of this paper. Essentials of Geology 13th Edition by Frederick K. Lutgens, Edward J.
Tarbuck, Dennis G.
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